Results: All included patients showed cardiac septal defects and upper-limb anomalies.

Methods: We enrolled sequentially 30 children undergoing atrial septal defect closure.

Conclusions: Tetralogy with subarterial ventricular septal defect was associated with worse functional outcome.

The final diagnosis was primary pulmonary hypertension with atrial septal defect.

In all patients the atrial septal defect was closed with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch.

Cardiac catheterization revealed the presence of valvular pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect.

It results in pulmonary hypertension caused by holes in the heart, and it affects the lungs.

Wilmshurst suggested the fault could lie with the medical device itself, which might not be so effective at closing holes in the heart.

Congenital heart defects such as defective vessels, leaky valves or holes in the heart muscle are among the most common types of birth defects.

Hoops can be had for asking, and as for holes in the heart, many a poor fellow has had them, and lived through it all.